A computer named Deep Blue defeated the world chess champion in a match in 1997.

In 1996, Garry Kasparov beat an earlier version of Deep Blue. IBM engineers upgraded the computer for a rematch in New York City in May 1997. The new machine used 480 special chess chips. These chips allowed the computer to look at 200 million possible chess positions every second.The lead developer, Feng-hsiung Hsu, started building chess computers in college. His team programmed the machine to use brute-force calculation. This means the computer checked every possible move very quickly. It also used a scoring system to decide which moves were the strongest.During the second game, Deep Blue made a move that seemed very human. It gave up a piece to gain a better position later. This move confused Kasparov and made him nervous. He began to think the machine was smarter than it actually was.The match ended on May 11, 1997, with a score of 3.5 to 2.5 for the computer. This event showed that computers could handle complex strategy better than people expected. Today, parts of Deep Blue are kept in the National Museum of American History. This match helped scientists create even more powerful artificial intelligence in the following years.